"The notion of stakeholder processes is considered a crucial element (...) of policy making in the broadest sense. In some cases, it has even been proposed as a platform for widespread economic and political reform to restore the state’s legitimacy through major participation in the decisions of public institutions." (Manuel-Navarrete and Modvar 2016)

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Stakeholders are defined in the Cambridge Dictionary as "a person such as an employee, customer, or citizen who is involved with an organization, society, etc. and therefore has responsibilities towards it and an interest in its success".

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It is intrinsic to these definitions the fundamental role stakeholders have in decision-making processes in the most diverse set of sectors of human activity. 

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In urban governance, this role is arguably even more important as decision-making is conducted, in democratic regimes, by elected officials representing citizens, i.e. stakeholders.

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The research is looking at how stakeholders engage in decision-making processes in different governance contexts and with different engagement capacities and knowledge. We are interested in understanding how stakeholders use their knowledge and experience in decision-making and incorporate other knowledge to improve their capacity to be heard in multiple processes in urban governance.

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Click on the links in the map below and check what we are doing in each of the cities.

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Manuel-Navarrete, D., C. Modvar. (2016). Stakeholders and public policy. Brittanica Available at:https://www.britannica.com/topic/stakeholder/Stakeholders-and-public-policy (Accessed: 31 May 2022).